Whereas these rates are often programmed to be the same, the sensor-based rate can be programmed to exceed the tracking rate in response to exercise, thereby avoiding rapid ventricular paced rates triggered by supraventricular tachycardias. The maximum tracking rate is that rate at which ventricular pacing will be triggered by native P waves in a 1:1 relationship (atrial based) the maximum sensor-based rate is the highest programmed rate dictated by sensor input to the pulse generator. The upper rate limit, which is either atrial (native P wave) based or sensor based, is the programmed maximum pacing rate that can occur. In devices programmed to rate responsiveness, the base rate is the lowest programmed rate at rest. The base rate (lower rate limit, standby rate) of a pacing system is that programmed rate at which pacing will occur if there is no spontaneous cardiac depolarization. This represents a dual-chamber pacemaker with ventricular pacing in response to atrial sensing (P-synchronous pacing). PACE 2004 27:453–459.This 12-lead ECG tracing with rhythm strips shows a ventricular paced rhythm, but each ventricular paced beat is preceded by a sinus P wave (sinus rate of 55 bpm).
Use of automatic threshold tracking function with non-low polarization leads:Risk for algorithm malfunction. Luria D, Gurevitz O, Bar Lev D, Tkach Y, Eldar M, Glikson M. Automatically optimizing pacing output:An excellent idea, but with potentially lethal pitfalls. Successful implantation of a bipolar epicardial lead and an autocapture pacemaker in a low-body weight infant with congenital atrioventricular block:Report of a case. Pacemaker therapy in premature children with high degree AV block. Nowak B, Kampmann C, Schmid FX, Przibille O, Wippermann F, Himmrich E, Meyer J. Compatibility of automatic threshold tracking pacemakers with previously implanted pacing leads in children. Kucukosmanoglu O, Celiker A, Ozer S, Karagoz T. A cardiac evoked response algorithm providing threshold tracking. Lau C, Cameron DA, Nishimura SC, Ahern T, Freedman RA, Ellenbogen K, Greenberg S, Baker J, Meacham D. Clinical experience with an automatic threshold tracking algorithm study. Kennergren C, Larsson B, Uhrenius A, Gadler F Study Group. Antibradycardia pacing in patients with congenital heart disease:Experience with automatic threshold determination and output regulation (Autocapture texttrademark). Nurnberg JH, Abdul-Khaliq H, Ewert P, Lange PE. Automatic adjustment of pacing output in the clinical setting. Ribeiro AL, Rincon LG, Oliveira BG, Vinha CR, Melatto D, Torres AA, Barros VC, Levine PA. Automatic adjusment of pacemaker stimulation output correlated with continuously monitored capture thresholds:A multicenter study. Ann Thorac Surg 1999 68:1380–1383.Ĭlarke M, Liu B, Schuller H, Binner L, Kennergren C, Guerola M, Weinmann P, Ohm OJ. Low-energy epicardial pacing in children:The benefit of autocapture. Journal of Cardiac Surgery 2000 15(5):323–329.īauersfeld U, Nowak B, Molinari L, Malm T, Kampmann C, Schonbeck MH, Schuller H. A comparison of steroid-eluting epicardial versus transvenous pacing leads in children. JACC 1992 20:395–401.ĭodge-Khatami A, Johnsrude CL, Backer CL, Deal BJ, Strasberger J, Mavroudis C. Steroid-eluting epicardial pacing leads in pediatricpatients:Encouraging early results. Johns JA, Fish FA, Burger JD, Hammon JW Jr. Steroid-eluting epicardial leads in pediatrics:Improved epicardial thresholds in the first year.
Hamilton R, Gow R, Bahoric B, Griffiths J, Freedom R, Williams W. Seventeen year of experience and 1200 outpatient visits.
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